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Diploma in Electrical Engineering Notes

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Old Course (2014)

Electrical Measurements and Measuring Instruments

EG2216EE
Total: 6hour /week
Year: II Lecture: 3 hours/week
Semester: II Tutorial: 1 hours/week
Practical: hours/week
Lab: 2 hours/week
 

Course Description:
This course covers the electrical machines-transformer, dc generator and dc motor. It deals with
the constructional details, operating principle, characteristics, testing methods of the above
machines.
 

Course Objectives:
After completion of this course the student will be able to:
1. understand the construction and operating principles of various types of measuring
instruments (e.g. moving coil, moving iron, electro-dynamometer, and induction type) for
measurement of voltage, current, power, resistance, energy, power factor and frequency.
2. measure R, L and C using different types of bridge
3. measure non-electrical quantities e.g. temperature, illumination, distance, velocity, strain etc.
 

Course contents:

Unit 1. Electrical Measuring Instrument. (8)
        1.1 Introduction
        1.2 Types and application of indicating, recording, integrating, analog and digital
                measuring instruments.
        1.3 Essential features of indicating instruments (deflecting, balancing and damping
                torque), their construction and operating principles.
        1.4 Moving coil instrument – construction, operating principle, scale features and
                application as d.c.ammeter and voltmeter.
        1.5 Moving iron instrument – construction, operating principle, scale features and
                application as a.c. ammeter and voltmeter.
        1.6 Electrodynamometer instrument – construction, operating principle, scale
                features and application as ammeter, voltmeter, wattmeter and power factor
                meter.
        1.7 Cathode-ray Oscilloscope – basic construction, operation and application. 

Unit 2. Measurement of Resistance [6]
        2.1 Classification of resistance.
        2.2 Measurement of low resistance using ammeter and voltmeter method and
                Kelvin double bridge method.
        2.3 Measurement of medium resistance using Wheatstone bridge method.
        2.4 Measurement of high resistance and continuity using Megger         

Unit 3. Measurement of Inductance and Capacitance [2]
        3.1 Maxwell’s inductance bridge and Anderson bridge for inductance
                measurement.
        3.2 De SautyBridge and Schering bridge for capacitance measurement.                 

Unit 4. Extension of measuring range of instruments [5]
        4.1 Shunts and Multipliers – use and characteristics.
        4.2 Multi-range meters – ammeter, voltmeter, ohmmeter and multi-meter 

Unit 5. Potentiometer [4]
        5.1 Operating principle, construction, connection into electric circuit and
                application of d.c.potentiometer.
        5.2 Operating principle, construction, and application of inductive potentiometer             

Unit 6. Measurement of Power, Energy and Frequency [8]
        6.1 Power measurement in single-phase with wattmeter and three-phase with two
                and three wattmeter method.
        6.2 Reactive power measurement using VAR meter.
        6.3 Single-phase and three phase energy measurement using single and three phase
                energy meter.
        6.4 Measurement of frequency using frequency meter.
        6.5 Measurement of maximum demand using maximum demand meter.
        6.6 Application of ‘Time of Day’ (TOD) meter 

Unit 7. Measuring Instruments for measurement of Non-electrical Quantities. [6]
        7.1 Thermocouple – construction, operation and application in measurement of
                voltage or current.
        7.2 Lux-meter – construction, operation and application in measurement of
                illumination on working plane.
        7.3 Piezometer – construction, operation and application.
        7.4 Transducers – construction, operation and application in measurement of
                distance, velocity and strain. 

Unit 8. Instrument Transformers. [4]
        8.1 Current transformer – operating principle, construction, characteristics and
                application in measurements.
        8.2 Potential transformer – operating principle, construction, characteristics and
                application in measurements. 

Unit 9. Digital Measuring Instrument. [2]
        9.1 Operating principle, construction, characteristics and application in
                measurements.

New Course (2022)

Electrical Instruments and Measurements
EG2207EE
Year: II Total: 6 hours /week
Part: II Lecture: 3 hours/week
Tutorial: 1 hour/week
Practical: hours/week
Lab: 2 hours/week 

Course Description:
This course covers the electrical machines-transformer, dc generator and dc motor. It deals
with the constructional details, operating principle, characteristics, testing methods of the
above machines.
 

Course Objectives:
After completion of this course the student will be able to:
1. Explain the construction and operating principles of various types of measuring
instruments (e.g. moving coil, moving iron, electro-dynamometer, and induction type)
for measurement of voltage, current, power, resistance, energy, power factor and
frequency.
2. Measure R, L and C using different types of bridge.
3. Measure non-electrical quantities e.g. temperature, illumination, distance, velocity,
strain etc.
 

Course Contents:
Theory 

Unit 1. Electrical Measuring Instrument [8 Hrs.]
        1.1. Introduction to measurement and Instruments.
        1.2. Measurement of electrical quantities and instrument for their measurements,
                Sources of error.
        1.3. Types and application of indicating, recording and integrating type instruments.
        1.4. Essential features of indicating instruments (deflecting, balancing and damping
                torque).
        1.5. Moving coil instrument – construction, operating principle and application.
        1.6. Moving iron instrument – construction, operating principle and application.
        1.7. Electro dynamometer instrument – construction, operating principle and application 

Unit 2. Measurement of Resistance, Inductance and Capacitance [6 Hrs.]
        2.1. Classification of resistance.
        2.2. Measurement of low resistance using ammeter and voltmeter method and Kelvin
                double bridge method.
        2.3. Measurement of medium resistance using Wheatstone bridge method.
        2.4. Measurement of high resistance and continuity using Megger.
        2.5. Maxwell’s bridge for inductance measurement.
        2.6. De Sauty bridge and Schering bridge for capacitance measurement. 

 

Unit 3. Extension of measuring range of instruments [4 Hrs.]

        3.1. Shunts and Multipliers – use and characteristics.
        3.2. Multi-range meters – ammeter, voltmeter, ohmmeter and multimeter.     

 

Unit 4. Potentiometer [4 Hrs.]
        4.1. Operating principle, construction, connection into electric circuit and application of
                d.c. potentiometer.
        4.2. Operating principle, construction, and application of inductive potentiometer
   

 Unit 5. Measurement of Power, Energy and Frequency [8 Hrs.]
        5.1. Power measurement in single-phase with wattmeter and three-phase with two and
                three wattmeter methods.
        5.2. Reactive power measurement using VAR meter                                                                                   5.3. Single-phase and three phase energy measurement using single and three phases
                    energy meter.
        5.4. Measurement of frequency using frequency meter.
        5.5. Measurement of maximum demand using maximum demand meter.
        5.6. Application of ‘Time of Day’ (TOD) meter 

Unit 6. Measuring Instruments for measurement of Non-electrical Quantities. [6 Hrs.]
        6.1. Thermocouple – construction, operation and application in measurement of voltage
                or current.
        6.2. Lux-meter – construction, operation and application in measurement of
                illumination on working plane.
        6.3. Piezometer – construction, operation and application.
        6.4. Transducers – construction, operation and application in measurement of distance,
                velocity and strain. 

 

Unit 7. Electronic Instrument [3 Hrs.]
        7.1. Cathode-ray Oscilloscope – basic construction, operation and application.
        7.2. Digital multimeter – only block diagram and applications.
     

Unit 8. Instrument Transformers [4 Hrs.]
        8.1. Current transformer – operating principle, construction, characteristics and
                application in measurements.
        8.2. Potential transformer – operating principle, construction, characteristics and
                application in measurements.
 

Unit 9. Smart metering system [2 Hrs.]
        9.1. Introduction to Smart metering technology: AMR (Automatic Metering Reading),
                MRI (Meter Reading Instrument).
        9.2. Introduction to AMI (Advanced metering infrastructure), functions of AMI, cyber
                Security.

 

     Marking Scheme;

 

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